Bash Commands | Show system and kernel | | Show distribution | | Show mounted filesystems | | Show system date | | Show uptime | | Show your username | | Show manual for command |
Bash ShortcutsCTRL-c | Stop current command | CTRL-z | Sleep program | CTRL-a | Go to start of line | CTRL-e | Go to end of line | CTRL-u | Cut from start of line | CTRL-k | Cut to end of line | CTRL-r | Search history | !! | Repeat last command | !abc | Run last command starting with abc | !abc:p | Print last command starting with abc | !$ | Last argument of previous command | ALT-. | Last argument of previous command | !* | All arguments of previous command | ^abc^123 | Run previous command, replacing abc with 123 |
Bash Variablesenv | Show environment variables | | Output value of $NAME variable | | Set $NAME to value | $PATH | Executable search path | $HOME | Home directory | $SHELL | Current shell |
IO Redirectioncmd < file Input of cmd from file | cmd1 <(cmd2) Output of cmd2 as file input to cmd1 | cmd > file Standard output (stdout) of cmd to file | cmd > /dev/null Discard stdout of cmd | cmd >> file Append stdout to file | cmd 2> file Error output (stderr) of cmd to file | cmd 1>&2 stdout to same place as stderr | cmd 2>&1 stderr to same place as stdout | cmd &> file Every output of cmd to file |
Pipescmd1 | cmd2 stdout of cmd1 to cmd2 | cmd1 |& cmd2 stderr of cmd1 to cmd2 |
Command Listscmd1 ; cmd2 Run cmd1 then cmd2 | cmd1 && cmd2 Run cmd2 if cmd1 is successful | cmd1 || cmd2 Run cmd2 if cmd1 is not successful | cmd & Run cmd in a subshell |
| | Directory Operations | Show current directory | | Make directory dir | | Change directory to dir | cd .. | Go up a directory | | List files |
ls Options-a | Show all (including hidden) | -R | Recursive list | -r | Reverse order | -t | Sort by last modified | -S | Sort by file size | -l | Long listing format | -1 | One file per line | -m | Comma-separated output | -Q | Quoted output |
Search Files | Search for pattern in files | grep -i | Case insensitive search | grep -r | Recursive search | grep -v | Inverted search | grep -o | Show matched part of file only | | Find files starting with name in dir | find /dir/ -user name | Find files owned by name in dir | find /dir/ -mmin num | Find files modifed less than num minutes ago in dir | | Find binary / source / manual for command | | Find file (quick search of system index) |
File OperationsCreate file1 | Concatenate files and output | View and paginate file1 | Get type of file1 | Copy file1 to file2 | Move file1 to file2 | Delete file1 | Show first 10 lines of file1 | Show last 10 lines of file1 | Output last lines of file1 as it changes |
Watch a CommandIssue the 'ntpq -p' command every 5 seconds and display output |
Process Management | Show snapshot of processes | | Show real time processes | | Kill process with id pid | | Kill process with name name | | Kill all processes with names beginning name |
| | Nano ShortcutsFiles | Ctrl-R | Read file | Ctrl-O | Save file | Ctrl-X | Close file | Cut and Paste | ALT-A | Start marking text | CTRL-K | Cut marked text or line | CTRL-U | Paste text | Navigate File | ALT-/ | End of file | CTRL-A | Beginning of line | CTRL-E | End of line | CTRL-C | Show line number | CTRL-_ | Go to line number | Search File | CTRL-W | Find | ALT-W | Find next | CTRL-\ | Search and replace |
Screen ShortcutsStart a screen session. | screen -r Resume a screen session. | screen -list Show your current screen sessions. | CTRL-A Activate commands for screen. | CTRL-A c Create a new instance of terminal. | CTRL-A n Go to the next instance of terminal. | CTRL-A p Go to the previous instance of terminal. | CTRL-A " Show current instances of terminals. | CTRL-A A Rename the current instance. |
File PermissionsChange mode of file to 775 | Recursively chmod folder to 600 | Change file owner to user and group to group |
File Permission NumbersFirst digit is owner permission, second is group and third is everyone. | Calculate permission digits by adding numbers below. | 4 | read (r) | 2 | write (w) | 1 | execute (x) |
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